Assalamu alaikum peace beyond you. We’re back for another episode of Islam in focus, dealing with our current series on the sources of Islam. Today we’ll be examining the topic of the Bible is a possible source of the Quran. I’m your host, Dr. Rashid and I have joined me on the program as usual.

AsSalam alaikum Peace be back for another episode of Islamic focus, we’re continuing with our series dealing with the sources of Islam. We will be talking about the authorship of the Quran and today we’ll be looking at what I hope you will consider a very interesting topic and that is the Bible as a

Hello, welcome to another continuing episode of Islamic focus. I’m your host Tom Rasheed. Today we continue with our series dealing with source sources of Islam. continuation of the discussion of the topic of authorship of the Quran. I have joined on the program as usual, Dr. Jamal battery of St. Mary’s University, but the

Welcome to another edition of Islamic focus. I’m your host Tama Rashid Assalamu alaikum. Peace Biondi. Today we continue with our seventh program in our series dealing with the sources of Islam. We’re dealing with the topic of authorship of the Quran and more specifically, we’ll be looking at the question of personal religious experience,

Hello, welcome to another episode of Islamic focus. I’m your host, Ahmed Rashid. We’re continuing with our TensorFlow series dealing with the sources of Islam. Today we’ll continue our discussion of the authorship of the Quran. This is our first program dealing with this particular topic, will be examining the role that visions may have

Hello, welcome to another episode of Islam and focus on your host Hama Rashid Assalamu alaikum. Peace be unto you. Today we continue with our series dealing with the sources of Islam. We’ll be continuing with a topic of authorship of the Quran Today we’ll be looking at a very interesting aspect. We’ll be examining

Hello, welcome to another segment of Islam focus Assalamu alaikum peace be unto you. Today we have our third program in our new series dealing with the sources of Islam. We’ll be having our second segment of dealing with the topic of the authorship of the Quran. I have joining me on the program, Dr.

To another segment of Islam in focus, I’m your host Hamlet Rashid. Today we have a first program in our new series dealing with the sources of Islam. But we continue with a very interesting discussion of the authorship of the Quran. This is our third program dealing with this topic. I have joined me

Hello, welcome to another installment focused program, Salaam Alaikum. peace be on to you. Today we continue with our second program in our new series our 10th in a series of programs on Islam, a new series of course dealing with the sources of Islam. Today we’ll be dealing with the topic of authorship of

Welcome back to another episode of Islamic focus, we’re glad that you could join us Assalamu alaikum peace be unto you. Today we start a new series and our program 10 series dealing with the sources of Islam in today’s program, it will be the Quran in introduction. I have joining me on the program

Another episode of Islam infocus Assalamu alaikum Peace be with you. I’m your host, Ahmet Rashid. Today we have our 12th program 12th and concluding program in our series dealing with the political system of Islam. Today we’ll be discussing the rights of non Muslim minorities in Islamic State. I have joining me on the

program Assalamu alaikum peace be unto you. I’m your host Mr. Rashid. Today we have our 11th program in our series dealing with the political system of Islam. Today we’ll be discussing the guiding principles of Islamic government. I have joined me on the program as usual Dr. Jamal battery of segments University brother Jamal

merciful The creating and sustaining of universe, peace and blessings of public servant and Mr. Mohammed forever mean. Today we have our 10th program in our series dealing with the economic system of Islam. We’ll be continuing with their topic of Muslim contributions to civilization. More specifically we’ll be looking at the fields of geography,

And ever since the merciful universe facing blessings upon the servants of Mr. mahama forever, I mean, I greet you with a good thing that is common in Islam. Assalamu Aleikum, it means please Bianchi on your house time of wishing to go we have a nice program in our series dealing with the economic

Summary of 9.7 “Imamite Concept II”In the seventh program we continued the discussion of the notion held by Shiite Muslims of the Imamite concept.’ This basically centers around the succession of the Prophet in terms of rulership within a part of his family: the descendants of Ali.’ We covered why the majority of Muslims (over

Summary of 9.6 “Imamite Concept I”We touched on the minority, Shiite, view which represents roughly 10% of Muslims that Ali the cousin and son in law of the Prophet was the only legitimate heir of the Prophet and that the Prophet actually appointed him as the ruler after him and that all descendants should be

Summary of 9.5 “Early Application II”We reviewed the various methods used to select the rulers after Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).’ In the last program we dealt specifically with the choice of the third and fourth Caliphs, Othman and Ali.’ We indicated that in all cases the principle of free choice is there even though the specific

Summary of 9.4 “Early Application I”The main point that we discussed was how a ruler in Islam is chosen.’ We indicated that the cardinal rule in Islam is that the ruler should be chosen with the free choice of people without him being imposed on them in one way or another.’ In analyzing how this

Summary of 9.3 “Political Process-Choice of Rulers”In the first part of the third program we discussed the basic purpose behind the establishment of an Islamic State and we said that it is basically to establish justice and we indicated again the variety of opinions given by the jurists on the basis of Quranic provisions in

Summary of 9.2 “Nature of Islamic Political Systems”In the second program we focused on the nature of the political system in Islam.’ We indicated that it is not a theocracy because there is an absence of church, clergy and that the ruler derives legitimacy only by the consent of the people.’ Second, we indicated that

Summary of 9.1 “Religion and Politics”We briefly described how this series relates to the previous series.’ Mostly we examined the notion of separation between Church and State.’ We indicated that this whole notion emerged in the West as a result of how the Church was concealed and the struggle of power that took place in

Summary of Series so FarThe first four series in this program dealt mainly with the articles of faith and questions pertaining to belief.’ This included Monotheism, Prophethood, Muhammad in the Bible and the fourth was about Muslim Beliefs.’ The first four series dealt mainly with the matter of faith and the first pillar of Islam.’

Summary of 8.19 An Alternative to Mortgage I Suppose one had a house worth $50,000 and the mortgage is up for renewal and one still owes the company $40,000.’ What was suggested was that one divides the value of the house into 50 $1000 shares and then you can sell forty shares (besides your own

‘ Host:’ What is an alternative to the dilemma faced by many home owners- with mortgages coming up for renewal and the interest is very high?’ What is SER? ‘ Jamal Badawi: SER means Shared Equity and Rental for home ownership.’ In a way it is a substituted or possible alternative to the traditional that

Summary of 8.17 “Distributive Justice & Inheritance”The law of inheritance was dealt with in the last program as the fourth mean for achieving social justice in an ideal Islamic society.’ We discussed the basic characteristics of the Law of Inheritance in Islam which is mainly something that is consistent with human nature and recognizes the

Summary of 8.16 Charity & Distributive JusticeSo far we covered three of the four basics to achieving social justice and they include Zaikai or Institutional Charity, taxes and voluntary charity.’ The fourth is inheritance which we hope to discuss today.’ In the previous program the focus was on the third means of achieving social justice,

Summary of 8.15 “Zakah & Distributive Justice”We continued our discussion of the basics of the economic system and consumption, production and distribution.’ On the question of distribution, Islam looks at the distribution of commodities and income.’ In our discussion of distribution of income or the achievement of social justice we mentioned that there are four

Summary of 8.14 ” Prohibitions of Riba (Interest) III/ Distribution”In the 14th program we started by highlighting a few points pertaining to the previous discussion on interest and interest dealings which have been forbidden by Islam.’ We indicated that the prohibition of interest dealings in Islam doesn’t necessarily mean prohibition of saving or investment and

Summary of 8.13 “Prohibitions of Riba (Interest) II”In the previous program we described the two different types of interest that were common before Islam.’ We said that one was clearly prohibited in Islam and the other many jurists believe to be prohibited by analogy.’ We discussed the rare opinions of those who made and error

Summary of 8.12 “Prohibitions of Riba (Interest) I”‘ The previous program continued the broad topic of production and productivity in Islam.’ After going through many program which showed Muslim’s attitude towards science and technology.’ We touched on some of the specific measures in an ideal economic system where there is a great deal of incentive

Host: Are there specific measures that can be used to help maintain productivity? ‘ Jamal Badawi: Islam’s respect for the right of private ownership is part of inducing production and productivity as it responds to people’s instinctive need to possess something and try to invest in things and to make them grow.’ The inducement that

Summary of 8.10 “Muslim Contribution to Other Fields I”‘ In the tenth program we briefly looked into the contribution of Muslims in Geography and how that was encouraged by the various teachings of Islam like prayers, Pilgrimage and fasting which necessitated this.’ Even if Muslims did not come to the Americas before Columbus they at

Summary of 8.9 “Muslim Contribution to Medicine”We talked about the contribution of Muslims to medicine.’ First, we tried to show the relationship between Islamic teachings and the interest in medicine and how they are intertwined.’ We actually viewed the major contribution of major physicians to medicine all the way from the 8th century to the

Summary of 8.8′ “Muslim Contribution to Mathematics and Physics”‘ The eighth program focused on Muslim contributions to the fields of mathematics and physics.’ In mathematics we spoke of the introduction of Arabic numerals and the concept of zero which lead to a revolution in mathematics.’ We examined some particular fields such as Algebra which was

Summary of 8.7 “Muslim Contribution to Astronomy & Chemistry”‘ Last weeks program was a continuation of the effect of progress in Islamic sciences in the Middle Ages and its effect on the Renaissance in Europe.’ We tried to look into some of the basic routes through which Muslim learning and sciences penetrated into Europe including

Summary of 8.6 “Production: Learning and Experimentation”The major part of our discussion was on the position of Islam towards science and how it encouraged the use of senses, reason and experimentation.’ We indicated that the experimental approach was not introduced to the West by Roger Bacon but that it was known to Muslims centuries before

Summary of 8.5 “Production: Qur’anic Foundation”Instead of looking at curves and theory we started from the ideological foundation of production and productivity in Islam.’ We indicated that the basis for productivity in Islam is not mearly economic survival but also seeking the pleasure of God by responding to his directives in the Quran to explore

Summary of 8.4 “Consumption”In the previous program we started to apply the broad principles in Islamic economic foundation on specific topics.’ We started dealing with the question of consumption.’ In order to make it easy to understand we compared the Islamic view of economics compared to the Western way of looking at it.’ The comparison

‘ Host:” Please explain the connection between today’s topic and the last three topics? ‘ Jamal Badawi: In the first three we dealt with basic principles on which a proper ideal economy can be established.’ The first program covered the broader principles and conceptual foundation.’ In the second and third program we dealt with some

Summary of 8.2 “Property Rights”The second program dealt with the right of property in Islam.’ Islam recognizes people’s right to own property as an instinctive natural tendency among all people.’ However, there are various levels of property ownership.’ There are properties that are owned by one individual, family, tribe, by a nation or society at

Summary of 7.45 Dissolution of Marriage I First, we emphasized that the right to seek divorce in an unsuccessful and unhappy marriage is a principle which applies in Islam to both wife and husband.’ Divorce is not the exclusive right of the husband and we talked about the four different cases.’ Second, we said that

Summary of 7.44 “Marital Problems”The main issue that was raised is that divorce in Islam is not as easy as some may think.’ There are preventative measure that may take place like the careful selection of one’s spouse and trying to live by Islamic Law with each other.’ Also, there are measures that can be

Summary of 7.43 “Rights of Relatives”Last week we continued our discussion on the rights of parents and relatives and the remaining part of the program focussed on the question of resolution of marriage or divorce.’ Three major points were made: first from the comparative standpoint Islam takes a moderate position in regards to divorce without

Summary of 7.42 “Rights of Parents”In last week’s program we discussed what is mentioned in the Quran and Prophetic Tradition concerning the rights of parents and their treatment.’ We indicated that the Arabic word birr which translates to kind treatment, respect, obedience and financial help.’ We indicated that these elements are applicable and still hold

Summary of 7.41 “Marital Relations and Children’s RightsLast week we mainly covered two major areas.’ One was a continuation of the discussion of the rights of the husband as they manifest in day to day life and the obligations of the wife towards the husband.’ The major of the program dealt with the rights of

Summary of 7.40 Marital Relations V (Husband’s Rights)We continued the rights of the husband last week.’ More particularly we covered the question of leadership within the family and the ‘obligation of the wife’ towards him and her obedience.’ We covered this with sayings of the Prophet.’ We also examined some of the basis with which

Summary of 7.39 “Marital Relations IV (Husband’s Rights)”First we continued some discussion on the issues of surrogate motherhood and the claim that perhaps one day one might be able to select the sex of the fetus.’ Mostly we focused on the rights of the husband.’ We indicated that as the wife expects to be treated

Summary of 7.38 “Marital Relations III (Related Issues)”We continued the discussion of marital relationships.’ It was the third program dealing with the subject of the wife’s rights.’ We talked about the obligation of the husband to gratify the instinctive need of his wife in terms of matrimonial relationships and what Islamic Law in terms of

Summary of 7.37 “Marital Relations II (Wife’s Rights)”Last time we talked about the non financial rights of the wife and we indicated that according to the Quran one has to dwell with his wife in equity and kindness.’ The Prophet considered that one of the criteria of faith and goodness from a’ spiritual sense also

Summary of 3.36 Marital Relations I (Wife’s Rights)We started by talking about the various consequences of the marriage contract.’ We focused more on the mutual rights and obligation between husband and wife.’ We indicated that these rights and obligations are founded on ethical and religious ground for marriage in Islam.’ We explained the question of

Host:’ What are the main rights and obligations resulting from marriage? ‘ Jamal Badawi: As a result of the marriage contract a number of things follow.’ One is the eligibility of the wife to receive the marriage gift (which we discussed in several programs).’ Another thing that was covered before that comes as a result

Summary of 7.34 “Polygamy in Islamic Law IV (Historical Perspectives)‘ Summary: We continued our discussion last time of some of the contingent situations which may make polygyny a better solution: for cases such as barrenness, illness and so on.’ We also talked about some of the guaranties and protection provided for women in the case

Summary of 7.35 “Polygamy in Islamic Law III (Historical Perspectives)‘ In the last program we covered the meaning of ‘justice’ which is a prerequisite for polygamy in Islam.’ We also discussed the fact that Islam for the first time (from among all other world scriptures) specified the maximum number of wives to be taken under

Summary of 7.32 “Polygamy in Islamic Law II (Historical Perspectives)‘ In the last program we started by giving some of the anthropological and sociological explanation of the existence of polygamy in a variety of cultures throughout different points in history.’ We discussed the various reasons such as personal, demographic, social, biological, economic and so on.’

Summary of 7.31 Polygamy in Islamic Law I (Historical Perspectives)‘ First we started by clarifying the terms and we said that polygamy is a broad term which includes any form of plural marriages which may include one wife having more than one husband which is called polyandry and this is not what we are dealing

Summary of 7.30 “Marriage Laws in Islam IV (Marriage Contract)” The bulk of the discussion related to the discussion of dowery or marriage gift as Islam calls it.’ We indicated that if it is not mentioned in the marriage contract the contract is still alid.’ Also, the marriage gift need not be paid immediately but

Summary of 7.29 “Marriage Laws in Islam III (Marriage Contract)”‘ We continued our discussion of guardianship in marriage.’ We also talked about the marriage of minors, indicating the various conditions attached to it.’ Third subject was the freedom of choice on the part of both husband and wife to be regardless of whether she was

Summary of 7.28 “Marriage Laws in Islam II (Validity of marriage)”‘ We covered the issues last time.’ First, there was some discussion of inter religious marriage in Islam with a special focus on why a Muslim woman must marry a Muslim and that there are concessions for Muslim men and the reasons behind them.’ Second,

Summary of 7.27 “Marriage Laws in Islam I (Forbidden Categories)”‘ We continued investigating marriage laws in Islam and the main points that were discussed pertained to the prohibited or restricted categories to which the person may not get married because of close blood relations.’ We also indicated that in terms to interfaith marriages first a

Summary of 7.26 “Engagement Continued” ‘ We continued the discussion of the rules of engagement in Islam.’ We indicated that Islam allowed people who were planning to get married to see each other and to talk to one another without being in total privacy or adopting the western style of dating and courting.’ We explained

Summary of 3.28 “Selection of Spouse and Engagement”‘ We covered five basic points.’ One was to clarify some of the basic aims and objectives of marriage.’ We indicated that marriage is not regarded in Islam as an inevitable evil nor is it connected with original sin because there is no such thing in Islam.’ We

Summary of 7.24 “Islam’s View of Sex”‘ We started a new segment int this series which deals with the family life in Islam.’ We started by introducing Islam’s attitude and view towards the matter of sex.’ We tried to indicate that Islam does not see sex in-itself as something which is negative or evil.’ However,

Summary of 7.23 “Muslim Women in Contemporary History”‘ The title of the whole series is the Social System of Islam and the premiss after covering some broad issues, like human brotherhood, we said that the corner stone of society is the family and the corner stone of the family is the woman because of her

Summary of 7.22 “Muslim Women in Recent History”‘ ‘ The last program focused more on the trends pertaining to the position and involvement of Muslim women particularly in recent history (late 19th century and early 20th century).’ I said that in my understanding there seemed to have been three basic trends.’ The first trend was

Summary of 7.21 “Muslim Women in History III”‘ We continued our discussion of women in history and we indicated that our emphasis on the early days of Islam was simply because this represented the perfect model (closest) to what Islam teaches.’ Second, we stated that the position and status of a Muslim woman afterword had

Summary of 7.20 “Muslim Women in History II”‘ We looked into the Woman’s role in matters of propagating the faith and how women participated in various ways of spreading the truth.’ We also discussed their participation in educational functions and we showed that many muslim women were scholars and taught other men who learned a

Summary of 7.19 “Muslim Women in History I”‘ In the very early part of the program we continued the discussion of the expectancy of the witness of a Muslim woman and we went into some final details’ in order to clarify the issue. ‘ The focus of the program was focused on actual examples of

Summary of 7.18 “Position of Women in Islam-Political Aspect II”‘ The first part was a continuation of Muslim women and public affairs or what we call today political life.’ We used the example during the days of Omar, the second Caliph after the Prophet, who was corrected by a woman in the Masijid.’ We made

Summary of 7.17 “Position of Women in Islam-Political Aspect I”‘ First of all we addressed whether a Muslim woman according to Islamic Law is permitted to participate in political activities.’ We said that what we mean by political activities is things that pertain to public affairs and the overall affairs of society.’ We indicated that

Summary of 7.16 “Position of Women in Islam-Social Aspect”‘ The previous program addressed a woman’s position in Islam from a social point of view.’ We looked at a woman’s position as a daughter, wife and mother.’ We also indicated that Islam forbade female infanticide and strongly condemned the feeling of grief when a baby girl

Summary of 7.15 “Position of Women in Islam-Economic Aspect”‘ The previous program dealt mainly with the economic rights of a Muslim woman in accordance with Islamic Law.’ In Islamic Law a woman has the full right to own property in her own name and to dispose of it in any way that she prefers regardless

Summary of 7.14 “Position of Women in Islam-Spiritual Aspect”‘ Last week’s program looked at the position of women in Islam, first from the human and spiritual perspective.’ Islam dispelled all the arguments that proceeded the advent of Islam in the later part of the sixth century where they had religious conferences to decide whether a

Summary of 7.13 “Women in Judaeo-Christian and Muslim Scriptures II”‘ We continued with the comparison of the Judaeo-Christian and Islamic views by looking at how each deals with women in the case of rape (reference from the book of Deuteronomy 22).’ We dealt with the case of a man accusing his wife of committing adultery

Summary of 7.12 “Women in Judaeo-Christian and Muslim Scriptures I”‘ First of all, we compared the attitude towards women as reflected in the Old Testament with the Quran.’ We compared three major areas.’ One, the creation of Adam and Eve and the responsibility for the first sin.’ According to the Bible the woman is blamed

Summary of 7.11 “Position of Women in Ancient Civilization”‘ The first point addressed the relevance of women in history.’ We said that Islam did not just make some improvements relevant to the seventh century but not relevant today.’ The main purpose was to understand some of the background that existed in the world towards women

Summary of 7.10 “Place of Family in Islam”‘ Basically, we said that since we are dealing with the social system in Islam, the corner stone of society is the family.’ We started off by indicating that from a Muslim point of view a family can be a number of persons who are related by blood

‘ Host:’ What is the significance of the family and how does this tie in with the social system of Islam? ‘ Jamal Badawi: In the first nine programs we talked broadly about the social system in Islam but we have not talked about the corner stone of this system which is the family.’ From

Summary of 7.8 “Emancipation of ‘Slaves’ I”‘ First we indicated that at the advent of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) 1400 years ago slavery was both wide spread and inhuman.’ The challenge of Islam was to try and change the situation by providing emancipation on three planes: physical, psychological and spiritual.’ We mentioned that the approach that

Host:’ What was the situation in regards to ‘Slaves’ when the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) came with the message? ‘ Jamal Badawi: One major characteristic was that slavery was wide spread in all parts of the world.’ It may have taken different forms but some form of it did exist everywhere and in some cases it

Summary of 7.6 “Social Responsibility I”‘ First we emphasized that Islam is not an individualistic religion which only regulates the relationship between man and God.’ Islam actually goes beyond that as it also regulates the relationships between mankind and between mankind and the universe at large.’ In the Quran it addresses people in the plural

Summary of 7.5 “Social Relations and Choice of Friends”‘ The topic last week was an extension of our topic on brotherhood with a focus on selection of friends.’ We indicated that selection of friends is part of Islamic teachings because it has a far reaching impact on the character and way of thinking of an

Summary of 7.4 “Brotherhood of Faith”‘ The main thrust of the topic which was a continuation of the broader are of human equality and brotherhood was the concept of Ummah.’ Ummah means a community of believers (Islam does not except the term nation because it is very limited by geography, time, history or language) who

Summary of 7.3 “Human Brotherhood and Equality III”‘ In the last program we continued the subject of human equality and brotherhood and we sighted some of the deeds and sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in order to make clear the principles that were annunciated in the Quran.’ We indicated that the only criterion for superiority

Summary of 7.2 “Human Brotherhood and Equality II”‘ In the second program we continued the discussion about the common origin of mankind.’ We quoted a passage in the Quran with the story of creation and we analyzed the story with its emphasis on the trusteeship of mankind on earth, the dignified position of the human

Summary of 7.1′ “Human Brotherhood and Equality I”‘ The main point that was discussed last time is that the concept of human equality and brotherhood is a very profound principle in Islam.’ It emphasizes that all human beings come from the same common parenthood through Adam and Eve and that there is no levels of

‘ Host:’ How does this series related to the previous (6) series that we have completed? ‘ Jamal Badawi: In the first five series the focus was mainly on matters of belief and worship in Islam.’ For example, these series dealt with the question of monotheism, prophethood, Muslim belief and the Pillars of Islam.’ In

Host:’ Could you shed some light on moderation as a moral virtue in Islam? Jamal Badawi: The issue of moderation as a moral virtue reflects the approach that Islam takes towards life.’ This approach tries to inculcate a sense of balance in the heart and mind of the believer.’ Islam condemns and discourages excessive materialism

Host:’ What does the Quran have to say about the use or abuse of speech? Jamal Badawi: The ability to speak, human communication, is regarded in the Quran as one of the greatest bounties of God.’ In chapter fifty-five it talks about how He created mankind and taught him the power of expression and speech.’

Host:’ What is the English equivalent for the term sabr and its explanation? Jamal Badawi: Typically people translate sabr as patience, which is an approximate meaning.’ Patience s is not a very good translation because it comes from the Latin origin which means suffering.’ Thus patience is understood in people’s minds as a passive type

Host:’ What does the Quran have to say about forgiveness? Jamal Badawi: The first thing that the Quran emphasizes is the relationship between piety (being God conscious) and forgiveness.’ For example in (3:134) it describes a true believer ‘Those who spend (freely), whether in prosperity, or in adversity; who restrain anger, and pardon (all) men;-

Host:’ How does the Quran describe compassion or mercy as a divine attribute? Jamal Badawi: According to the Quran mercy or compassion as a divine attribute is one of the most notable and highly emphasized of the divine attributes.’ It suffices to say that when one opens the Quran the first line before any of

Host:’ Can you explain the meaning of the term humbleness in Islam? Jamal Badawi: Humbleness can be divided into two basic categories: one is humbleness before God and two, is humbleness with the creators of God.’ Humbleness with God implies faith in God and submission to His will this allows for one to follow what

Host:’ Can you explain the meaning of truthfulness as a moral virtue in Islam? Jamal Badawi: Alsidque is the word used for truthfulness.’ Alsidque and its derivatives are found in more than a hundred places in the Quran.’ In the Quran we find that alsidque appears as a command to the believers as found in

Host:’ What is the meaning and translation of the term amaneh? Jamal Badawi: First of all, the common usage of the term amaneh in Arabic by an Arabic speaker is used to refer to honesty but as an Islamic term it carries more meaning.’ The term amaneh has a number of meanings which all rotate

‘ Host:’ What is the meaning of the ikhlas? Jamal Badawi: The literal meaning for the ikhlas is purity.’ It is used to represent a number of things.’ In the Quran it is used to describe pure and wholesome milk (not mixed with anything).’ It is also used in the Quran to refer to purity

Summary of 6.20 “Prohibition to Safeguard Property”The first six programs that we had in this series covered the theory of ethics, the main conceptual framework of understanding the whole question of ethics and morality.’ We covered the main problems in ethics, the difference between secular and religious morality and the specific unique characteristics of the

Summary of 6.19 “Beautification and Behavior” We had several programs in the last few weeks which covered the main criteria for what is lawful and unlawful which we organized along the five basic purposes of Islamic law: safeguarding faith, life, mind, honor and property.’ We spent several programs discussing the various measures that are suggested